# Knowledge Center — FCR and Feed Guides > What is FCR, what should it be, why does it rise and how do you improve it? FCR values by species, plus guides on choosing feed and feed cost. - URL: https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/guides - Language: en - Updated: 2026-10-03 - Publisher: FCRSOFT (https://fcrsoft.com) [Demos](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/?hl=en) / Knowledge Center FCRSOFT # Knowledge Center Practical guides on FCR and feed management. Every guide links to the matching calculator and FCRSOFT solution. [See the system that does this automatically Open the live demo](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/login.php?package=farm) ## FCR guides [Guide ### What Is FCR? What is FCR (feed conversion ratio), how is it calculated and how do economic and biological FCR differ? Formula, worked example and ways to track FCR. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/fcr/what-is-fcr) [Guide ### What Should FCR Be in Fish? Typical FCR ranges for sea bass, sea bream, trout, salmon, tilapia, shrimp and carp; the factors that affect FCR and how to interpret your own value. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/fcr/what-should-fcr-be) [Guide ### Why Does FCR Rise in Fish? Overfeeding, temperature, low oxygen, stocking density, disease, feed quality, measurement error and stress: the 8 most common causes of rising FCR and how to fix them. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/fcr/why-does-fcr-increase) [Guide ### How to Improve FCR Ways to lower FCR with feeding tables, temperature-based feeding, appetite monitoring, the right pellet size, grading, oxygen management, feed storage and data-driven tracking. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/fcr/how-to-improve-fcr) ## FCR by species [Guide ### What Should FCR Be for European Seabass? Typical FCR range in European Seabass farming, suitable water temperature, oxygen, harvest weight and production time. Calculate and improve your FCR. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/fcr/sea-bass-fcr) [Guide ### What Should FCR Be for Gilthead Seabream? Typical FCR range in Gilthead Seabream farming, suitable water temperature, oxygen, harvest weight and production time. Calculate and improve your FCR. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/fcr/sea-bream-fcr) [Guide ### What Should FCR Be for Rainbow Trout? Typical FCR range in Rainbow Trout farming, suitable water temperature, oxygen, harvest weight and production time. Calculate and improve your FCR. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/fcr/trout-fcr) [Guide ### What Should FCR Be for Atlantic Salmon? Typical FCR range in Atlantic Salmon farming, suitable water temperature, oxygen, harvest weight and production time. Calculate and improve your FCR. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/fcr/salmon-fcr) [Guide ### What Should FCR Be for Nile Tilapia? Typical FCR range in Nile Tilapia farming, suitable water temperature, oxygen, harvest weight and production time. Calculate and improve your FCR. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/fcr/tilapia-fcr) [Guide ### What Should FCR Be for Whiteleg Shrimp? Typical FCR range in Whiteleg Shrimp farming, suitable water temperature, oxygen, harvest weight and production time. Calculate and improve your FCR. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/fcr/shrimp-fcr) [Guide ### What Should FCR Be for Common Carp? Typical FCR range in Common Carp farming, suitable water temperature, oxygen, harvest weight and production time. Calculate and improve your FCR. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/fcr/carp-fcr) ## Farming guides [Guide ### How to Estimate Fish Biomass Estimating biomass in cages and ponds: how to sample-weigh, how many fish to weigh, how to reduce error and how biomass affects feeding. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/aquaculture/how-to-estimate-fish-biomass) [Guide ### What Should Stocking Density Be? How is stocking density (kg/m³) set in cages, ponds and RAS? The effect of high density on FCR, growth and mortality, and the right stocking calculation. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/aquaculture/fish-stocking-density) [Guide ### What Is SGR (Specific Growth Rate)? What is SGR (specific growth rate), how is it calculated and interpreted? Daily weight gain, TGC and using SGR to forecast harvest. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/aquaculture/what-is-sgr) [Guide ### How to Plan a Fish Harvest How to set harvest timing from target weight, growth rate, market demand and price. Pre-harvest starvation, yield and planning steps. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/aquaculture/fish-harvest-planning) [Guide ### How to Reduce Fish Mortality How to calculate mortality on a fish farm, classify causes of death, decide which rate is an alarm and reduce losses. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/aquaculture/reducing-fish-mortality) [Guide ### Camera Feeding Monitoring How an in-cage camera tracks appetite and feed loss during feeding, which events to record and how cameras improve FCR. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/aquaculture/camera-feeding-monitoring) ## Water quality guides [Guide ### Managing Dissolved Oxygen in Aquaculture What mg/L of dissolved oxygen fish farming needs, why it drops, when to measure it and what to do when it falls. Aeration calculation and monitoring guide. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/aquaculture/dissolved-oxygen-in-aquaculture) [Guide ### Managing Ammonia and Nitrite What are total ammonia (TAN), free ammonia (NH₃) and nitrite, which levels are dangerous and how to lower them? How pH and temperature affect ammonia toxicity. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/aquaculture/ammonia-and-nitrite-in-fish-farming) ## Feed guides [Guide ### How to Choose Fish Feed What to consider when choosing fish feed: protein and fat content, pellet size, digestibility and floating vs. sinking feed, plus how to compare feeds by cost per kg of growth rather than by price. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/feed/choosing-fish-feed) [Guide ### How to Calculate Feed Cost in Fish Production How to calculate feed cost per kg of fish, the annual feed budget and feed’s share of total cost: formulas, examples and ways to lower feed cost. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/feed/fish-feed-cost) [Guide ### How to Build a Feeding Table How are the daily feeding rate, number of meals and ration set by fish size and water temperature? A guide to building and updating a feeding table. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/feed/fish-feeding-table) [Guide ### How to Store Fish Feed Protecting fish feed from heat, humidity, sunlight and pests; preventing losses and quality decline with FIFO, expiry dates and lot tracking. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/feed/fish-feed-storage) ## Business management [Guide ### How to Calculate Production Cost per Kg How to calculate production cost per kg from feed, juveniles, labour, energy, health and depreciation; break-even price and ways to cut costs. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/aquaculture/fish-production-cost-per-kg) [Guide ### Seafood Traceability What seafood traceability from juvenile to customer means, which data to record, how to design lot numbers and how to manage recalls. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/aquaculture/seafood-traceability) [Guide ### Excel or Fish Farm Software? The pros and limits of running a fish farm on Excel; when to switch to software, how to migrate and what gets automated. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/aquaculture/excel-vs-fish-farm-software) ## Trade, logistics and maritime guides [Guide ### What Is Landed Cost and How Is It Calculated? What is landed cost, what does it include and how is it calculated? A unit cost example with CIF, customs duty, VAT, port and inland transport. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/trade/what-is-landed-cost) [Guide ### Incoterms 2020 Guide Incoterms 2020 rules: who bears cost and risk under EXW, FCA, FOB, CFR, CIF, DAP, DPU and DDP? Quote comparison and pricing examples. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/trade/incoterms-2020-guide) [Guide ### What Is an HS Code and How Is It Found? The structure of HS and national tariff codes, the difference between 6 and 12 digits, steps to find the right code and the duty and penalty risks of misclassification. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/customs/what-is-an-hs-code) [Guide ### What Is a Bill of Lading? What a bill of lading does, the difference between original, telex release and seaway bill, house and master B/L, mandatory fields and a pre-shipment checklist. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/documents/what-is-a-bill-of-lading) [Guide ### How to Calculate CBM CBM (cubic metre) calculation: carton and pallet volume, how many cartons and pallets fit in a container, volumetric weight and container utilisation. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/container/how-to-calculate-cbm) [Guide ### LCL or FCL? The difference between groupage (LCL) and full container (FCL) shipping, the W/M rule, the break-even point and when each is cheaper. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/freight/lcl-vs-fcl-guide) [Guide ### What Are Demurrage and Detention? The difference between container demurrage and detention, free time, tiered daily rates and ways to reduce delay costs. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/container/demurrage-and-detention-explained) [Guide ### What Is DWT (Deadweight)? The relationship between DWT, displacement, lightship weight, draft, TPC and cargo capacity — how to calculate how many tons of cargo a ship can really take. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/maritime/what-is-dwt) [Guide ### What Is TCE (Time Charter Equivalent)? How TCE is calculated and how to compare voyage and time charters — a worked example with freight revenue, voyage costs, fuel and port days. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/maritime/what-is-tce) [Guide ### How to Calculate Bunker (Marine Fuel) Cost A guide to ship fuel consumption, the difference between VLSFO, MGO and ULSFO, sea and port fuel, safety margin and voyage bunker cost. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/maritime/bunker-fuel-cost-guide) [Guide ### What Is Laytime and How Is It Calculated? Laytime in voyage charters, NOR, turn time, SHINC/SHEX terms, excepted periods and demurrage/despatch calculation with examples. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/maritime/what-is-laytime) [Guide ### How to Calculate Cold Chain Cost Cold storage capacity, pallet layout, energy cost, refrigerated transport and temperature monitoring — and the cold chain cost per kg. Read the guide](https://demo.fcrsoft.com/en/production/cold-chain-cost-guide)